![]() The Republican Party is a member of the International Democrat Union, an international alliance of centre-right political parties. It has taken widely variant positions on abortion, immigration, trade and foreign policy in its history. The party currently supports deregulation, lower taxes, gun rights, restrictions on abortion, restrictions on labor unions, and increased military spending. Since 2012, it has gained support among minorities, particularly working-class Asians and Hispanic/Latino Americans. Since the 1980s, the party has gained support among members of the white working class while it has lost support among affluent and college-educated whites. While it does not receive the majority of the votes of most racial and sexual minorities, it does among Cuban and Vietnamese voters. Īs of the 2020s, the party does best among voters without a postgraduate degree and those who live in rural, ex-urban, or small town areas are married, men, or White or who are evangelical Christians or Latter Day Saints. Bush oversaw the response to the September 11 attacks and the Iraq War. After Gerald Ford pardoned Nixon, he lost election to a full term and the Republicans would not regain power and realign the political landscape once more until 1980 with the election of Ronald Reagan, who brought together advocates of free-market economics, social conservatives, and Soviet Union hawks. Richard Nixon carried 49 states in 1972 with his silent majority, even as the Watergate scandal dogged his campaign leading to his resignation. Wade, the Republican Party opposed abortion in its party platform. After the Supreme Court's 1973 decision in Roe v. Following the successes of the Civil Rights Movement in the 1960s, the party's core base shifted, with the Southern states became increasingly Republican and the Northeastern states increasingly Democratic. ![]() Eisenhower presided over a period of economic prosperity after the Second World War. The GOP lost its congressional majorities during the Great Depression when the Democrats' New Deal programs proved popular. The aftermath saw the party largely dominate the national political scene until 1932. Under the leadership of Lincoln and a Republican Congress, it led the fight to destroy the Confederacy during the American Civil War, preserving the Union and abolishing slavery. ![]() Seeing a future threat to the practice of slavery with the election of Abraham Lincoln, the first Republican president, many states in the South declared secession and joined the Confederacy. It did not openly oppose slavery in the Southern states before the start of the American Civil War-stating that it only opposed the spread of slavery into the territories or into the Northern states-but was widely seen as sympathetic to the abolitionist cause. While both parties adopted pro-business policies in the 19th century, the early GOP was distinguished by its support for the national banking system, the gold standard, railroads, and high tariffs. It had almost no presence in the Southern United States at its inception, but was very successful in the Northern United States where, by 1858, it had enlisted former Whigs and former Free Soil Democrats to form majorities in nearly every state in New England. The Republican Party initially consisted of Northern Protestants, factory workers, professionals, businessmen, prosperous farmers, and from 1866, former black slaves. Upon its founding, it supported classical liberalism and economic reform while opposing the expansion of slavery. The collapse of the Whigs, which had previously been one of the two major parties in the country, strengthened the party's electoral success. Arthur, and Benjamin Harrison all being Whigs before switching to the party, from which they were elected. The Republican Party's ideological and historical predecessor is considered to be Northern members of the Whig Party, with Republican presidents Abraham Lincoln, Rutherford B. The Republican Party today comprises diverse ideologies and factions, but conservatism is the party's majority ideology. The GOP was founded in 1854 by anti-slavery activists who opposed the Kansas–Nebraska Act, which allowed for the potential expansion of chattel slavery into the western territories. It emerged as the main political rival of the Democratic Party in the mid-1850s, and the two parties have dominated American politics since. The Republican Party, also referred to as the GOP (" Grand Old Party"), is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States.
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